Charter School Policies
Is there additional oversight specific to virtual charter schools?
January 2020
This resource contains information about the 45 states, plus the District of Columbia, with charter school laws. It does not contain any information for the five states that have not enacted charter school laws. 50-State Comparisons on each data point are here.
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STATE
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Is there additional oversight specific to virtual charter schools?
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Source
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| Alabama | No | |
| Alaska | No | |
| Arizona | Yes. Each new school that provides online instruction does so on a probationary status. After the new school has clearly demonstrated the academic integrity of its instruction through the actual improvement of the academic performance of its students, the school may apply to be removed from probationary status. | Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 15-808 |
| Arkansas | No | |
| California | Yes. State law directed the state board of education to adopt regulations that define and establish general rules governing nonclassroom-based instruction that apply to all charter schools. Note: Between January 2020 and January 2022, inclusive, the approval of new nonclassroom-based charter schools is prohibited. | Cal. Educ. Code § 47612.5; Cal. Educ. Code § 47612.7 |
| Colorado | Yes. Additional certification is required of online schools in general, including online multi-district charter schools. | Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 22-30.7-106 |
| Connecticut | No | |
| Delaware | No | |
| District of Columbia | No | |
| Florida | Yes. Virtual charter schools are subject to requirements specifically applicable to them as specified in Florida's charter school law. They are exempt, however, from provisions related to facilities, capital outlay, transportation, and class size. | Fla. Stat. Ann. § 1002.33 |
| Georgia | No | |
| Hawaii | No | |
| Idaho | Yes. A charter for a public virtual school may be approved only if the petition contains the requirements related to other charter contracts and the additional statements describing the following:
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Idaho Code Ann. § 33-5205 |
| Illinois | Yes. There was a moratorium on creating new virtual charter schools from April 2013 through December 2016 and a report was required on the performance of charter schools with virtual components. | 105 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 5/27A-5 |
| Indiana | Yes. A virtual charter school is required to adopt a student engagement policy. A student who regularly fails to participate in courses may be withdrawn from enrollment under policies adopted by the charter school. Such policies are required to ensure that adequate notice of the withdrawal of the student is provided to the parent and student and that an opportunity if provided (prior to withdrawal) for the student or parent to demonstrate that failure to participate is due to an event that would be considered an excused absence. An authorizer is required to review and monitor whether a virtual charter complies with these requirements. The state board is required to adopt rules regarding the operation of virtual charter schools and to submit a report to the budget committee. Each school year, at least 60% of the students who are enrolled in virtual charter schools for the first time must have been included in the state's fall count of ADM conducted in the previous school year. Each virtual charter school is required to report annually to the department concerning the following: - Classroom size. - The ratio of teachers per classroom. - The number of student-teacher meetings conducted in person or by video conference. - Any other information determined by the department.The department is required to provide this information annually to the state board and the legislative council in an electronic format. |
Ind. Code Ann. § 20-24-7-13 |
| Iowa | No | |
| Kansas | Yes. School districts must provide adequate training to teachers who teach in virtual schools, and school districts must submit annual reports related to such training programs. | Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-3711 through Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-3715 |
| Kentucky | No | |
| Louisiana | Yes. The initial authorization of the course provider is for a period of 3 years. After the second year of the initial authorization period, the state board is required to conduct a thorough review of the course provider's activities and the academic performance of the students enrolled in courses offered by the course provider in accordance with the school and district accountability system. If the performance of the students enrolled in courses offered by the course provider pursuant to the school and district accountability system does not meet performance standards set by the state board, the state board is required to place the course provider on probation. Other processes (including some establishing the role of local governing bodies) also apply. Each city, parish, or other local public school board may adopt a policy that defines attendance at a virtual school. Each chartering authority may adopt a policy or include in charter agreements a definition of attendance at a virtual charter school which may include provisions for addressing excessive absences. These provisions may include parental notification; student engagement; withdrawal from the school for failure to engage; and referrals to child welfare and attendance officers, and family and juvenile courts. |
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 17:4002.4; La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 17:4002.5; La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 17:236.3 |
| Maine | Yes. In addition to requiring contracts to ensure that courses meet or exceed state standards, that parents verify that students attend the required number of hours and that they meet all other statutory and rule requirements, contracts must require a plan by which the governing board will provide:
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Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. 20-A § 2408 |
| Maryland | No | |
| Massachusetts | No | |
| Michigan | Yes. For instance, the issuance of the contract must be approved by the superintendent of public instruction. Cyber charters are required to issue annual reports on costs associated with online schooling. Additional documentation is required (above what is required for public school academies). | Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.552; Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 380.551 |
| Minnesota | Yes. Virtual charter schools must comply with an additional set of state requirements specific to any online learning program or course through a public school. | Minn. Stat. Ann. § 124E.03; Minn. Stat. Ann. § 124D.095 |
| Mississippi | No | |
| Missouri | No | |
| Nevada | Yes. If a charter provides a program of distance education, all statutes and regulations that are applicable to distance education apply. Charter schools with a program of distance education must provide written notice to the school board in of the district in which the student lives and ensure the persons who operate the program comply with all of the requirements applicable to the charter school. In addition to charter school requirements, statewide virtual charter schools must also describe supports for students measures of academic success and attendance and the process for accepting pupils in the application submitted to the state public charter school authority. |
Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 388A.366; Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 388.846; Senate Bill 441 (2019) Legislation is "undesignated" as of 12/2019 |
| New Hampshire | No | |
| New Jersey | No | |
| New York | No | |
| North Carolina | No | |
| Ohio | Yes.
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Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.013, Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.21, Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.22, Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.23, Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.29, Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.251, Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3314.271 |
| Oklahoma | Yes. Virtual schools must keep full and complete records of attendance of all students enrolled in the school, and virtual schools must have an attendance policy by July 1, 2018. | Okla. Stat. tit. 70, § 3-145.8 |
| Oregon | Yes. In addition to any other requirements for a public charter school, a virtual public charter school must have:
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Or. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 338.120 |
| Pennsylvania | Yes. Virtual charter schools, which are authorized by the state department of education, are subject to laws specific to virtual charter schools including, but not limited to, requirements for finances, enrollment, reporting, information for parents and students, student records and administrative offices. Some specific requirements include:
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24 Pa. Stat. Ann. § 17-1741-A through 24 Pa. Stat. Ann. § 17-1751-A; 24 Pa. Stat. Ann. § 17-1743-A |
| Rhode Island | No | |
| South Carolina | Yes. Charter schools may offer virtual instruction but may not provide more than 75 percent of core academic instruction in K-12 grades via online or virtual instruction. The remaining 25 percent of core academic instruction may be met through regular instructional opportunities in real time directly related to the school's curricular objectives, such as meetings with teachers and educational outings. Charter schools with virtual programs must adopt a plan to provide the following:
In addition, schools must ensure that a parent verifies the number of hours of educational activities completed by the student each year. |
S.C. Code Ann. § 59-40-65 |
| Tennessee | No | Tenn. Code Ann. § 49-13-106 |
| Texas | No | |
| Utah | Yes. The state board of education, in collaboration with online course providers, is required to develop a report on the performance of online course providers, which may be used to evaluate the statewide online education program and assess the quality of an online course provider. The report must include:
The state board must post reports on the performance of online course providers on the online education program's website. |
U.C.A. 1953 § 53F-4-511 |
| Virginia | No | |
| Washington | No | |
| West Virginia | No | |
| Wisconsin | Yes.
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Wis. Stat. Ann. § 118.40 |
| Wyoming | No | |
| Total answers |
25
No:
20
Yes:
|